Certificates that cannot be reissued, altered or double-counted.
Assay reports, delivery statements and sustainability certificates are anchored once, so the same certificate cannot be altered, reissued or counted twice as it moves along a trading chain.
What gets sealed
Grade and purity sealed at the lab, fixed through every subsequent trade.
Volumes and dates anchored at delivery, ending later restatement games.
Green attributes sealed once; the same certificate cannot back two claims.
How it runs day to day
Labs and terminals seal documents at creation.
Certificates move along the trading chain, proofs attached.
Each counterparty verifies before pricing or settling.
Regulators audit claims against the chain instead of against spreadsheets.
A cargo's sustainability certificate turns up backing a second, unrelated delivery. The duplicate claim is provable immediately: one anchor, one certificate, one delivery. Double-counting dies at verification.
Paper certificates in commodity chains are notoriously recyclable. An anchor makes each one a one-time instrument.